(Apr 9): The brunt of the damage done by the Covid-19 pandemic has shifted from Asia to Europe and the US in recent weeks.
Along with the westward move of this unfolding health care crisis, markets have declined and become increasingly volatile. Steeply falling oil prices have worsened the situation. The toll on those affected will be large, though there is some growing (if still early) solace in recent developments. Based on the experiences of China and South Korea, we know that with significant testing and severe restrictions on social interaction the virus can be contained. China has now reported consecutive days of no new local cases. While still a difficult situation, Italy appears to be making progress and cases may have peaked.
The current decline differs from prior ones insofar as it appears no asset class or industry has been spared. Assets across the board have seen losses on a global basis. It is somewhat frustrating to date, as there is no or little differentiation — within US equity markets at least — in terms of factors: Quality, size, beta, balance sheet and dividends. But this is not to say differentiation will not come.
To provide some context on the current volatility — behind the correlated selling is a liquidity event. Across the globe, there has been an insatiable thirst for dollars and liquidity. The financial system has already seen an enormous amount of deleveraging. Commodity trading accounts, volatility funds, risk parity funds and other client-oriented funds, as well as hedge funds, leveraged ETFs, MLPs — you name it — have delivered in the past two weeks. We are now likely at the lower end of leverage in the financial system. The volatility associated with this deleveraging should start to decrease as we go forward.
We are trying to make a bottom, but that is a process and not a day. It will ultimately depend on news flow and our ability to get a handle on the depth and length of the crises. If you look at the recessions we’ve had going back to the 1940s, from peak to trough, the markets lost 32% on average. Before the rally on March 24, we were near that 32% level. At the start of the year, markets had clearly priced in a soft landing where earnings growth was projected to return to 10% in 2020. With the high likelihood of a recession, valuations need to come down very dramatically. This has happened to some extent: The forward 12-month price-earnings ratio for the S&P 500 Index was 18.2 times on December 31 and 13.9 times on March 19 (Exhibit 1).
From a social and economic perspective, the more drastic and restrictive we are in terms of movement and distance — the more seriously we take it — the deeper the pain will be in the shorter term, but I also believe the shorter the duration of the recession and the quicker people can go back to work. There is evidence that these actions work. The US is focused on solutions, and compared to roughly a week ago, I’m much more encouraged today.
State and federal governments are taking this seriously. Significantly, the response has been more reminiscent of 9/11 than 2008: There is less a feeling of blame and more a feeling of coming together. That is important in terms of getting this solved.
The Fed and global central banks around the world have not only lowered rates to zero, but they’re also purchasing all types of collateral to ensure the plumbing of the financial system operates. This is unprecedented: they will basically do whatever it takes. We would like to see fixed income spreads stabilise — this is important for both the broader financial system and the equity markets.
Fiscal actions being taken are also unprecedented. Despite some back and forth, Congress is providing enormous resources. The talk is of extending or flattening the curve — reducing the number of immediate cases to prevent health systems from being overwhelmed. From the stock market perspective, the goal is to compress the curve, making it shorter, but deeper. The role of Congress and the enormous resources it is providing — a total of roughly US$2 trillion ($2.86 trillion) in direct financial aid to individuals, robust unemployment insurance, loans to small and large businesses and resources to health care providers — will help us bridge a portion of the economic gap. Such measures are reminiscent of wartime measures, yet they are appropriate and encouraging.
Medicines, treatments, vaccines are coming but they won’t come immediately. There is an unbelievable amount of time, money and intellectual power going into developing solutions and they will be coming.
We have always been on the lookout for high-quality stocks with good dividends, strong balance sheets and sustainable growth.
Now they are available and we believe reasonable returns may be made if these types of stocks are held over time. This is no different from the long-term perspective ClearBridge takes at all times.
But, the volatility is not over. This is the most oversold market in terms of investor sentiment measures since 1983. It has been a monolithic asset liquidation where the market has not differentiated between good and bad and most companies have become cheap. Many businesses will face net losses, but for most companies it will be shortlived. However, it is also a good time to focus on stocks with strong balance sheets, free cash flow generation and durable business models. Today’s volatility is ultimately an opportunity to upgrade portfolios and focus on long-term strategies.
Scott Glasser is the co-chief investment officer, managing director and portfolio manager at ClearBridge Investments, an investment affiliate of Legg Mason Global Asset Management
